Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease
in which too many infection-fighting
white blood cells,
called lymphocytes, develop in the blood and bone marrow.
Lymphocytes are made by the bone marrow
and by other organs of the lymph system.
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the large
bones in the body. Bone marrow
cells are produced by immature
immortal stem cells. These cells produce
slightly
more mature cells called blasts
that develop (mature) into the following types
of blood cells that have
specific jobs to do in the body:
1.Red blood cells carry oxygen and
other materials to all tissues of the body.
2.White blood cells fight infection.
3.Platelets make the blood clot.
Lymphocytes are found in the lymph,
a colorless, watery fluid in the lymph
vessels.
The lymph vessels are part of the lymph system,
which is made up of
thin tubes that branch,
like blood vessels, into all parts of the body.
Along this network of vessels are groups of small,
bean-shaped organs called
lymph nodes.
Clusters of lymph nodes are found in the underarm,
pelvis, neck,
and abdomen.
The spleen (an organ in the upper abdomen that makes lymphocytes
and filters old blood cells from the blood),
the thymus (a small organ beneath
the breastbone),
and the tonsils (an organ in the throat)
are also part of the
lymph system.
Lymphocytes fight infection by making antibodies,
which attack germs and other
harmful bacteria
in the body. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
the developing
lymphocytes do not mature
correctly and too many are made. The lymphocytes may
look normal, but they cannot fight
infection as well as they should. These immature
lymphocytes are then found
in the blood and the bone marrow.
They also collect
in the lymph tissues and make them swell.
Lymphocytes may crowd out other blood cells
in the blood and bone marrow.
Anemia
may develop if the bone marrow
cannot make enough red blood cells to carry oxygen.
If the bone marrow cannot make enough platelets
to make the blood clot normally,
bleeding or bruising may occur easily.





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